Allergic reactions and atopy

Allergic conditions are common and may be life-threatening. Many patients may have multiple manifestations of an atopic disorder.

• Anaphylaxis

  • Drugs, food allergens, insect stings, idiopathic

• Urticaria or angioedema

  • Drugs, food, physical stressors (e.g., cold, exercise) or congenital causes

• Atopic dermatitis

• Respiratory allergy (e.g., pollen, dust mites)

Given a patient with an allergic reaction, the candidate will determine the cause and severity, and will initiate an appropriate management plan. Particular attention should be paid to findings suggestive of anaphylaxis and its management.

• list and interpret critical clinical findings, including

  • history of drug ingestion, food ingestion, stings, environmental and occupational exposures, exercise, or family history;

  • results of an appropriate physical examination;

• list and interpret critical investigations, including

  • appropriate use of tests designed to identify allergens;

• construct an effective management plan, including

  • emergency management of anaphylaxis with appropriate measures;

  • long-term management including patient education counseling (e.g., reassignment or removal from work, avoidance of triggers).